Diabetes mellitus is a serious ailment, which is characterized by insulin deficiency in one degree or another. As a result of pathology, hyperglycemia may appear, that is, an increase in blood sugar, which will lead to several metabolic disorders and complications.
Diabetes is in third place in prevalence after cancer and cardiovascular diseases. Throughout the world, more than one hundred million people with this disease are currently known. Every 15 years, the number of cases is doubled.
Drugs that can completely eliminate manifestations from diabetes do not exist. If the disease is not treated for a long time, irreversible disorders are produced in the vessels of several organs.
To notice the symptoms of pathology over time, you should know what types of diabetes exist.
Types of diabetes
In medicine, several types of diabetes are released. The term itself reveals a complete list of diseases with common characteristics. The characteristics of diabetes and their types consist of the pathological level of blood sugar.
There are many reasons why insulin cannot cause glucose to blood cells. However, the result is always the same: with a strong blood saturation with sugar, cells cannot normally eat.
When sugar does not fall into the cells, pull the water on itself. A liquid that fills the bloodstream crosses the kidneys and dehydration occurs. Despite what there are diabetes, there are such symptoms:
- Dry mouth.
- Thirst.
- Frequent and abundant urination.
Each type of ailment is distinguished by its own characteristic effect in the human body. Diabetes, whose types have their own differences, perhaps:
- Non -relocate and sugar.
- Latent.
- Potential, it is expressed in predisposition to the disease.
- Insulin dependent and insulin dependent.
- Laby
- Renal.
- Postoperative, appears after surgery in the pancreas.
- Pancreatic, expressed in the pancreas injury.
- Not pancretal, it is not associated with damage to the pancreas.
The first type of diabetes mellitus
Insulin -dependent diabetes is called autoimmune or viral damage to the pancreas, the organ that produces insulin. People with type 1 diabetes, insulin do not have at all, or are in very small volumes.
Statistics suggest that type 1 disease appears at an early age. It is determined by symptoms such as severe thirst, fast urine, fast weight loss, strong feeling of hunger and the appearance of acetone in urine.
The treatment of this variety of the disease is to introduce the desired dose of the hormone from the outside. Other therapeutic actions are completely ineffective. The first type of diabetes appears more frequently due to genetic predisposition. Such disease can cause one or more negative factors, starting pathological changes in the immune system.
As a result, pancreatic cells deform, producing insulin. The lack of hormone leads to the fact that carbohydrates cannot be completely eliminated in the body, and lack of energy is trying to compensate for fat processing.
Toxic substances begin to enter the brain. Therefore, it is extremely important to constantly control the current state of the body and blood glucose content.
The disease can occur due to:
- Infections.
- Stress.
- Sedentary lifestyle.
- Autoimmune diseases.
- Inheritance.
- Inal meals.
Such diabetes is up to 15% of the total number of patients. Most of the time, children and adolescents get sick. The ailment appears due to a passive lifestyle and a constant use of carbohydrates. Obesity and diabetes may appear when taking:
- Refresco drinks.
- Smoked meats.
- Canned products.
- Fast food.
Sometimes, diabetes, and then obesity appears. Type 1 disease has such symptoms:
- Weakness.
- Irritability.
- A feeling of fatigue.
- Nausea.
- Improper thirst.
- Urine calls.
Often, patients quickly lose body weight, or vice versa increase weight. Diabetes can be:
- Primary: genetic, essential.
- Secondary: thyroid, pituitary, steroid.
The disease can be mild, medium or severe. Due to the nature of the course, the disease is divided into insulin dependent type and insulin dependent. Due to the high content of blood sugar, sprouts and blood vessels are deform.
Therefore, people who suffer from a type 1 ailment, in many cases, lose their eyes, become almost blind. There are also two main manifestations: first a rape of the kidneys, then, the failure of this organ. Often, patients point to pain and numbness of the limbs. This is due to a violation of blood circulation and nerve damage.
In case of violation of blood flow in the feet, there is a high risk of leg amputation. With type 1 disease, there is a high volume of cholesterol in the blood, therefore, in diabetics, cases of stroke or myocardial infarction are not uncommon.
In men with diabetes, impotence often develops, since nerves and blood vessels cease to exist in a healthy regime. Due to the pathology, they appear:
- Obesity.
- Pancreatitis
- Dermatopathy
- Nephropathy
- Encephalopathy
One of the pathologies that represent great danger is hypoglycemic coma. This condition often leads to death.
Patients with diabetes should determine the blood sugar level every day using special devices created for household conditions. If necessary, urine is prescribed for sugar content.
If the glucose level increases, insulin injections are required to treat the ailment of 1 type. This hormone is involved in metabolism, allowing the body to process carbohydrates.
If there is no proper treatment of type 1 diabetes, then serious complications appear. In some cases, death is possible. Sometimes, a person needs hospitalization to establish the complexity of the situation.
In stationary conditions, the patient is taught new sugar control skills.
The second type of diabetes mellitus
This type of disease occurs with insulin products insufficient by the pancreas. The condition is also aggravated by a decrease in the cell activity of this organ. Typically, pathology is formed due to the hereditary consumption of hormone tissues.
Fabrics that are subject to insulin have insulin receptors. Due to the appearance of the pathology of these receptors, the immunity of insulin tissues develops. Hormone secretion does not decrease, forming the relative insulin deficiency.
In patients with obesity, in the first place, there is a decrease in the function of insulin receptors. The overflow leads to an excess of blood glucose formation, while non -controversial tissues do not allow to obtain glucose in the cells.
Since a sufficient amount of insulin is needed to obtain sugar in the cells, their excessive products of the pancreas begin, which is involved in beta cell exhaustion.
2 of the type of diabetes in medicine is not considered hereditary pathology, but a wrong lifestyle disease. Even with the existing severe inheritance, such violation will not be formed if:
- The use of sweet products and other "rapid" carbohydrates is limited.
- Do not eat in excess.
- There is constant control over body mass.
- Physical exercises are constantly performed.
Type 2 diabetes symptoms are not specific. The person does not notice their manifestations, in most cases, since there is no significant deterioration in good. But knowing the symptoms, he cannot miss the moment of his appearance and consult a doctor in time, determining the concentration of glucose in the blood. Therefore, successful compensation for diabetes will be created, the risk of complications will decrease significantly.
The main manifestations of this pathology:
- Dry mouth.
- An increase in urine volume, which makes a person awake constantly at night.
- Strong thirst.
- Itching mucous membranes.
- Strong appetite associated with the failure of the synthesis of leptin.
The presence of diabetes can also speak:
- Slow restoration of wounds.
- Furunculosis
- Impotence.
- Fungal infections.
The ailment can be found for the first time when entering the hospital due to a stroke or a heart attack. These diseases indicate that diabetes is in a serious stage.
The usual symptoms manifest only with an increase in the sugar level above the renal threshold: 10 mmol /l. With this increase in glucose, it appears in the urine. If the value does not reach 10 mmmol/l of blood, then, a person does not feel changes in the body.
It should be noted that the random installation of type 2 diabetes is a very common phenomenon.
For diabetes therapy, 2 types are used: the following means are used:
- Biguanides
- Thiosolidindo.
- Sulfanerchevina cost.
- Clay.
Gestational diabetes
The gestational form of the disease may appear in a pregnant woman. Pathology is formed due to insufficient insulin production, which is needed to regulate blood sugar.
During pregnancy, the woman's body is forced to produce a large amount of insulin, which provides the needs of the fetus. This process is especially relevant in the second half of the Infant.
If there is a lack of insulin, then the blood glucose level constantly increases, which gives the opportunity to form a gestational type of diabetes. This disease usually takes place independently, immediately after childbirth.
This is a characteristic feature that distinguishes it from other types of diabetes, which are chronic.
Latent diabetes
A lot of unclear moments are associated with diabetes. The most common types of ailments are the first and second types. It is worth noting that there is an intermediate type of this dangerous disease called Lada Diabetes.
Such disease occurs in adulthood. This variety of disease is dangerous since for a long time it can be disguised as type 2 diabetes. The latent form of the disease is very difficult.
Lada is a severe autoimmune disease. The immune system begins to attack its own organism, constantly destroying beta cells that produce insulin in the pancreas. But such patients can do without insulin injections for a long time, unlike those who are more type 1 diabetes.
With a latent form of diabetes, immune processes proceed quite slowly. In the pancreas, work cells are preserved. Patients show drug treatment for diabetics with the second type of diabetes. Over time, antibodies destroy more and more beta cells, which leads to a serious decrease in the amount of insulin and inevitable use of insulin therapy.
Hidden diabetes
Hidden Mellitus diabetes has another name: latent or sleeping. This pathology is diabetes at an early stage.
With a preliminary stage of diabetes, sugar and its blood indicators never exceed the norm. In the initial stage of the disease, there is a violation of glucose tolerance. In addition, after the sugar load, a person is observed in the blood very slow, but a decrease in glucose concentration.
These people have a fairly high probability of diabetes in 10-15 years. This ailment does not require specific complex therapy, but constant medical observation is important. The latent type of diabetes mellitus can occur over the years.
To develop it, it is sometimes enough to survive a serious nervous disorder or obtain a viral infection.
Diabetes does not see
Non -addic diabetes is a pathology, which is caused by the absolute or relative deficiency of vasopressin, a hormone, which has an antidiuretic effect. People suffer from sudden urination and thirst. The dream breaks significantly and a person normally cannot restore strength.
Around 6-15 liters of loose urine are released per day. There is also a lack of appetite and weight loss. A person is constantly tired and irritated, dry skin and lack of sweating are observed.
Subcommitted diabetes
Diabetes mellitus is a disease that consists of the metabolism of deteriorated carbohydrates. All medical measures aim to normalize it. It is quite difficult to achieve a stable effect. Due to prolonged therapy, the level of carbohydrate metabolism can fluctuate and have different values.
There are several ways that allow you to compensate for this dangerous disease. We are talking about:
- Decompensated.
- Subcommitted.
- Compensated form.
The decompensated form is characterized by the fact that there is almost no improvement in carbohydrate metabolism. There is a high concentration of glucose in the blood, acetone and sugar are found in the urine.
Subcommitted diabetes is a pathology in which blood sugar does not differ much from the norm, there is also no acetone in the urine. With the compensated form of the disease, a person has glucose in normal, while there is no sugar in the urine.
Laby diabetes
The disease can be differentiated by the nature of the course to labile and stable. The type of labile ailment is characterized by a significant fluctuation of blood glucose daily.
In such people, hypoglycemia appears, more frequently at dinner. At the last minute of the night and early in the morning there is a strong thirst and hyperglymp. The hidden course of the disease is often accompanied by the formation of ketoacidosis, which often leads to a diabetic coma.
A rapid replacement for hypoglycemia hyperglycemia is characteristic of youth and child diabetes. The stability of the disease course is characteristic of its average stage. The disease proceeds to Labilly when it is serious.